The skull is a solid bony structure that encloses and protects the brain and other components of the central nervous system. It consists of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones (see our article on radiographic positioning of the face and mandible). The back of the cranium consists of the occipital and right and left parietal bones. The vertex is made up of the paired parietal bones joining the frontal bone at the sagittal suture. The right and left parietal bones and right and left temporal bones make up the sides of the cranium. The front of the cranium consists of the frontal bone. The base of the skull is complex and consists of the paired temporal bones as well as the sphenoid and ethmoid. The base has numerous foramina to allow passage of nerves, veins, and arteries. Radiologists use the images of the skull to assess the size, shape, thickness, and density of skull bones as well as vascular markings and sutures. Due to the complexity of skull anatomy, technologists require an in-depth understanding and attention to detail during radiographic imaging of the face and skull. To this end, we have separate articles, for example, radiographic positioning of the mastoid process, that provide more detailed information.
Purpose and Structures Shown An angled PA view of the skull to evaluate for sinusitis and facial fractures. The anatomy demonstrated includes the frontal and maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim, maxillae, zygoma, zygomatic arch (see radiographic positioning of the zygomatic arch), nasal septum, and floor of orbits.
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